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Constitution avenue

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Here, on the fields of Olszynka Grochowska, during the bloody struggles over Warsaw of the November Uprising, one of the insurgents, Wojciech Jastrzębowski, drafted a first constitution of a Europe united as one republic without internal boundaries. The draft of the constitution ‘For Eternal Peace between Nations,' was composed of 77 articles. In one, Jastrzębowski wrote that ‘all European nations are to relinquish their freedom and become the slaves of law, all monarchs are henceforth to be the guards and implementers of these laws, and are not to title themselves other than the fathers of their nations.'